Prep the dish and oven: Heat the oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish with cooking spray or butter.
Cook the sausage: Warm a large skillet over medium heat.
Add sausage and cook, breaking it up, until browned and cooked through, 6–8 minutes. Drain excess fat if needed and set aside.
Sauté the vegetables: In the same skillet, add olive oil (if the pan is dry). Sauté onion and bell pepper with a pinch of salt until softened, about 4–5 minutes.
Stir in garlic for 30 seconds. Add spinach and cook just until wilted. Remove from heat.
Season the hash browns: Pat thawed hash browns dry with paper towels.
In a bowl, toss them with a pinch of salt, pepper, and half the smoked paprika. This boosts flavor and helps them crisp slightly.
Whisk the custard: In a large bowl, whisk eggs, milk, remaining salt, pepper, smoked paprika, and thyme until well combined and lightly frothy.
Layer the casserole: Spread hash browns evenly in the baking dish. Top with sausage and sautéed vegetables.
Sprinkle 1.5 cups of cheese over the top.
Add the egg mixture: Pour the egg mixture evenly over everything. Gently shake the pan to help it settle into the layers.
Top with cheese: Sprinkle the remaining 0.5 cup cheese across the surface for a golden crust.
Bake: Place on the center rack and bake for 35–45 minutes. The casserole is done when the edges are set, the center is slightly puffed, and a knife inserted near the center comes out mostly clean.
Rest before serving: Let it rest 10 minutes.
This helps it slice neatly and keeps the texture tender.